Basiskennis chemie/Classificatie van stoffen/Periodiek Systeem Elementen: verschil tussen versies

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Regel 74:
Het blijkt dat als de verschillende atoomsoorten worden gerangschikt in een tabel op volgorde van hun atoomnummer van linksboven naar rechtsonder met rijen van bepaalde lengte dan vormen de atoomsoorten in de kolommen families met gelijkaardige eigenschappen. De tabel heet het [[w:/Periodiek_systeem|'''periodiek systeem der elementen''']] (PSE).
 
Het totaal van de elementen bedraagt: 2 + 8 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 32 + 32 = 118.
De kolommen van het PSE heten '''groepen''', genummerd van 1 tot en met 18, en de rijen, heten '''periodes''', genummerd van 1 tot en met 7. De groepen 1,2,13,..,18 heten '''hoofdgroepen''' en de groepen 3,..,12 '''overgangsmetalen'''.
 
Periode 1 heeft twee groepen, H waterstof en He Helium. Periode 2 en 3 hebben elk 8 groepen. In periode 4 tot en met 7 worden 10 groepen toegevoegd. In periode 6 en 7 bestaat groep 3 uit 15 elementen respectievelijk de '''Lanthaniden''' en '''Actiniden''' genaamd. Het totaal van de elementen bedraagt: 2 + 8 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 32 + 32 = 118.
 
De naam van een groep is het eerste element uit de groep, bijvoorbeeld groep 11 heet de kopergroep.
 
==== Huidige systeem ====
Regel 84 ⟶ 80:
{{Basiskennis chemie/Huidige Periodiek Systeem}}
 
De kolommen van het PSE heten '''groepen''', genummerd van 1 tot en met 18, en de rijen, heten '''periodes''', genummerd van 1 tot en met 7. De groepen 1,2,13,..,18 heten '''hoofdgroepen''' en de groepen 3,..,12 '''overgangsmetalen'''.
<!--
 
{| align=center bd=1 cp=0 cs=1 style="border-style:none;border-width:0px"
Periode 1 heeft twee groepen, H waterstof en He Helium. Periode 2 en 3 hebben elk 8 groepen. In periode 4 tot en met 7 worden 10 groepen toegevoegd. In periode 6 en 7 bestaat groep 3 uit 15 elementen. respectievelijk de [[w:Lanthaniden|lanthaniden]] en [[w:Actiniden|actiniden]] genaamd.
| align="left" | '''Tabel 1:''' || colspan="18" align="left" | ''' Het periodiek systeem der elementen'''
|-
|width=60 style="border-style:none" |
|align=center valign=bottom width=32 style="border-style:none" | [[w:Alkalimetaal|1<br />Ia]]
|width=32 style="border-style:none" |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" |
|width=32 style="border-style:none" |
|align=center valign=bottom width=32 style="border-style:none" | [[w:Edelgas|18<br />0]]
|-
| align="center" | [[w:Periode-1-element|1]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbff77;" | <font size=1>1</font><br />[[w:Waterstof (element)|H]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[w:Aardalkalimetaal|2<br />IIa]]
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[w:Boorgroep|13<br />IIIa]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[w:Koolstofgroep|14<br />IVa]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[w:Stikstofgroep|15<br />Va]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[w:Zuurstofgroep|16<br />VIa]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[w:Halogeen|17<br />VIIa]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#77ffbb;" | <font size=1>2</font><br />[[w:Helium|He]]
|-
| align="center" | [[w:Periode-2-element|2]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbbff;" | <font size=1>3</font><br />[[w:Lithium (element)|Li]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbb77;" | <font size=1>4</font><br />[[w:Beryllium|Be]]
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|style="border-style:none" |
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ccccff;" | <font size=1>5</font><br />[[w:Boor (element)|B]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbff77;" | <font size=1>6</font><br />[[w:Koolstof|C]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbff77;" | <font size=1>7</font><br />[[w:Stikstof (element)|N]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbff77;" | <font size=1>8</font><br />[[w:Zuurstof (element)|O]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffffbb;" | <font size=1>9</font><br />[[w:Fluor (element)|F]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#77ffbb;" | <font size=1>10</font><br />[[w:Neon (element)|Ne]]
|-
| align="center" | [[w:Periode-3-element|3]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbbff;" | <font size=1>11</font><br />[[w:Natrium|Na]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbb77;" | <font size=1>12</font><br />[[w:Magnesium|Mg]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[w:Scandiumgroep|3<br />IIIb]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[w:Titaangroep|4<br />IVb]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[w:Vanadiumgroep|5<br />Vb]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[w:Chroomgroep|6<br />VIb]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[w:Mangaangroep|7<br />VIIb]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[w:Platinagroep|8<br />VIIIb]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[w:Platinagroep|9<br />VIIIb]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[w:Platinagroep|10<br />VIIIb]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[w:Kopergroep|11<br />Ib]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:none" | [[w:Zinkgroep|12<br />IIb]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#77bbff;" | <font size=1>13</font><br />[[w:Aluminium|Al]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ccccff;" | <font size=1>14</font><br />[[w:Silicium|Si]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbff77;" | <font size=1>15</font><br />[[w:Fosfor|P]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbff77;" | <font size=1>16</font><br />[[w:Zwavel|S]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffffbb;" | <font size=1>17</font><br />[[w:Chloor (element)|Cl]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#77ffbb;" | <font size=1>18</font><br />[[w:Argon|Ar]]
|-
| align="center" | [[w:Periode-4-element|4]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbbff;" | <font size=1>19</font><br />[[w:Kalium|K]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbb77;" | <font size=1>20</font><br />[[w:Calcium|Ca]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>21</font><br />[[w:Scandium|Sc]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>22</font><br />[[w:Titanium|Ti]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>23</font><br />[[w:Vanadium|V]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>24</font><br />[[w:Chroom (element)|Cr]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>25</font><br />[[w:Mangaan|Mn]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>26</font><br />[[w:IJzer (element)|Fe]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>27</font><br />[[w:Kobalt|Co]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>28</font><br />[[w:Nikkel|Ni]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>29</font><br />[[w:Koper (element)|Cu]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>30</font><br />[[w:Zink (element)|Zn]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#77bbff;" | <font size=1>31</font><br />[[w:Gallium|Ga]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ccccff;" | <font size=1>32</font><br />[[w:Germanium|Ge]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ccccff;" | <font size=1>33</font><br />[[w:Arseen|As]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbff77;" | <font size=1>34</font><br />[[w:Seleen|Se]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffffbb;" | <font size=1>35</font><br />[[w:Broom (element)|Br]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#77ffbb;" | <font size=1>36</font><br />[[w:Krypton (element)|Kr]]
|-
| align="center" | [[w:Periode-5-element|5]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbbff;" | <font size=1>37</font><br />[[w:Rubidium|Rb]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbb77;" | <font size=1>38</font><br />[[w:Strontium|Sr]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>39</font><br />[[w:Yttrium|Y]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>40</font><br />[[w:Zirkonium|Zr]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>41</font><br />[[w:Niobium|Nb]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>42</font><br />[[w:Molybdeen|Mo]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(43)</font><br />[[w:Technetium|Tc]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>44</font><br />[[w:Ruthenium|Ru]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>45</font><br />[[w:Rhodium|Rh]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>46</font><br />[[w:Palladium (element)|Pd]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>47</font><br />[[w:Zilver|Ag]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>48</font><br />[[w:Cadmium|Cd]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#77bbff;" | <font size=1>49</font><br />[[w:Indium|In]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#77bbff;" | <font size=1>50</font><br />[[w:Tin (element)|Sn]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ccccff;" | <font size=1>51</font><br />[[w:Antimoon|Sb]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ccccff;" | <font size=1>52</font><br />[[w:Telluur|Te]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffffbb;" | <font size=1>53</font><br />[[w:Jodium (element)|I]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#77ffbb;" | <font size=1>54</font><br />[[w:Xenon|Xe]]
|-
| align="center" | [[w:Periode-6-element|6]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbbff;" | <font size=1>55</font><br />[[w:Cesium|Cs]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbb77;" | <font size=1>56</font><br />[[w:Barium|Ba]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>*</font><br />
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>72</font><br />[[w:Hafnium|Hf]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>73</font><br />[[w:Tantaal|Ta]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>74</font><br />[[w:Wolfraam|W]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>75</font><br />[[w:Renium|Re]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>76</font><br />[[w:Osmium|Os]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>77</font><br />[[w:Iridium (element)|Ir]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>78</font><br />[[w:Platina|Pt]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>79</font><br />[[w:Goud|Au]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>80</font><br />[[w:Kwik|Hg]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#77bbff;" | <font size=1>81</font><br />[[w:Thallium|Tl]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#77bbff;" | <font size=1>82</font><br />[[w:Lood (element)|Pb]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#77bbff;" | <font size=1>83</font><br />[[w:Bismut|Bi]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ccccff;" | <font size=1>84</font><br />[[w:Polonium|Po]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffffbb;" | <font size=1>85</font><br />[[w:Astaat|At]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#77ffbb;" | <font size=1>86</font><br />[[w:Radon (element)|Rn]]
|-
| align="center" | [[w:Periode-7-element|7]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbbff;" | <font size=1>87</font><br />[[w:Francium|Fr]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ffbb77;" | <font size=1>88</font><br />[[w:Radium|Ra]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#dd88dd;" | <font size=1>**</font><br />
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(104)</font><br />[[w:Rutherfordium|Rf]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(105)</font><br />[[w:Dubnium|Db]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(106)</font><br />[[w:Seaborgium|Sg]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(107)</font><br />[[w:Bohrium|Bh]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(108)</font><br />[[w:Hassium|Hs]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(109)</font><br />[[w:Meitnerium|Mt]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(110)</font><br />[[w:Darmstadtium|Ds]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(111)</font><br />[[w:Röntgenium|Rg]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#bbffff;" | <font size=1>(112)</font><br />[[w:Copernicium|Cn]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#e8e8e8;" | <font size=1>(113)</font><br />[[w:Ununtrium|Uut]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#e8e8e8;" | <font size=1>(114)</font><br />[[w:Flerovium|Fl]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#e8e8e8;" | <font size=1>(115)</font><br />[[w:Ununpentium|Uup]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#e8e8e8;" | <font size=1>(116)</font><br />[[w:Livermorium|Lv]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#e8e8e8;" | <font size=1>(117)</font><br />[[w:Ununseptium|Uus]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#e8e8e8;" | <font size=1>(118)</font><br />[[w:Ununoctium|Uuo]]
|-
|colspan="19" style="border-style:none" |
|-
|style="border-style:none" colspan=3 | *[[w:Lanthanide|Lanthanide]]n
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>57</font><br />[[w:Lanthaan|La]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>58</font><br />[[w:Cerium|Ce]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>59</font><br />[[w:Praseodymium|Pr]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>60</font><br />[[w:Neodymium|Nd]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>(61)</font><br />[[w:Promethium|Pm]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>62</font><br />[[w:Samarium|Sm]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>63</font><br />[[w:Europium|Eu]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>64</font><br />[[w:Gadolinium|Gd]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>65</font><br />[[w:Terbium|Tb]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>66</font><br />[[w:Dysprosium|Dy]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>67</font><br />[[w:Holmium|Ho]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>68</font><br />[[w:Erbium|Er]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>69</font><br />[[w:Thulium|Tm]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>70</font><br />[[w:Ytterbium|Yb]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#ddbbdd;" | <font size=1>71</font><br />[[w:Lutetium|Lu]]
|-
|style="border-style:none" colspan=3 | **[[w:Actinide|Actinide]]n
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#dd88dd;" | <font size=1>89</font><br />[[w:Actinium|Ac]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#dd88dd;" | <font size=1>90</font><br />[[w:Thorium|Th]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#dd88dd;" | <font size=1>91</font><br />[[w:Protactinium|Pa]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#dd88dd;" | <font size=1>92</font><br />[[w:Uranium|U]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#dd88dd;" | <font size=1>(93)</font><br />[[w:Neptunium|Np]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#dd88dd;" | <font size=1>(94)</font><br />[[w:Plutonium|Pu]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#dd88dd;" | <font size=1>(95)</font><br />[[w:Americium|Am]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#dd88dd;" | <font size=1>(96)</font><br />[[w:Curium|Cm]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#dd88dd;" | <font size=1>(97)</font><br />[[w:Berkelium|Bk]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#dd88dd;" | <font size=1>(98)</font><br />[[w:Californium|Cf]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#dd88dd;" | <font size=1>(99)</font><br />[[w:Einsteinium|Es]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#dd88dd;" | <font size=1>(100)</font><br />[[w:Fermium|Fm]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#dd88dd;" | <font size=1>(101)</font><br />[[w:Mendelevium|Md]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#dd88dd;" | <font size=1>(102)</font><br />[[w:Nobelium|No]]
|align=center valign=bottom style="border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#888888; background:#dd88dd;" | <font size=1>(103)</font><br />[[w:Lawrencium|Lr]]
|}
-->
 
===== Speciale namen =====
Groepen worden, met name die met de overgangsmetalen, benoemd door het bovenste element van de groep. Daarnaast worden ook onderstaande benamingen vaak gebruikt:
* Alkalimetalen<br />De elementen in groep 1, behalve waterstof. Als metaal reageren deze elementen allemaal heftig tot zeer heftig met water onder vorming van een loog.
* Aardalkalimetalen<br />Deze elementen staan in groep 2. Ze reageren ook met water, maar minder heftig dan hun buren in groep 1 in dezelfde periode.
* Halogenen<br />De naam van deze groep betekent "zoutvormers". De bekendste vertegenwoordiger is chloor, dat als chloride deel uitmaakt van keukenzout.
* Edelgassen<br />De laatst ontdekte groep in het periodiek systeem. De atomen van deze elementen hebben allemaal een volle of voorlopig volle valentieschil. Hierdoor reageren ze allemaal niet of met grote moeite met andere elementen.
==== Jaartal van ontdekking ====
{{Basiskennis chemie/Periodiek Systeem Ontdekt}}
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