Quenya/Gebiedende wijs

De gebiedende bewijs gebruiken we om bevelen of aansporingen te geven.

Klassieke vorm van de gebiedende wijs

De klassieke vorm van de gebiedende wijs wordt enkel nog bij primitieve werkwoorden gebruikt.

Je vormt deze door een -a aan de stam toe te voegen zonder de kernklinker te verlengen (het is dus eigenlijk een continuatief met korte kernklinker):

tira! "kijk!"

Deze gebiedende wijs komt zeer streng over, als je beleefd wil zijn dan gebruik je deze dus beter niet.

Standaardvorm van de gebiedende wijs

This is formed by placing the particle á before the infinitive:

á tirë! "watch!"

á vala! "rule!"

When the central vowel of the infinitive is long, a diphtong or followed by more than one consonant we use the particle a instead of á (but this is not obligatory, so using á is never wrong):

a caima! "lie down!"

a móta! "work!"

a linda! "sing!"

The combinations ry, ly, ny, ty do not count as a double consonant, so when the central vowel is immediately followed by any one of these we use á:

á lelya! "go!"

but

a mintya! "remember!"

The particle is pronounced as a unit with these infinitives, so the stress is normally on the particle á and not on a (the exceptions are verbs with an infinitive of more than two syllables).

negatieve gebiedende wijs

A prohibition or negative imperative is formed by the particle áva. It is the same for all verbs:

áva lelya! "don't go!"

áva tirë! "don't look!"

It can also be used on its own, but then the long vowel is shifted:

avá! "don't!"

(note: this is the only two-syllable word that is stressed on the final syllable; see Quenya Phonology)

Persoonlijke voornaamwoorden in de gebiedende wijs

When a verb is in the imperative it can have personal pronouns that refer to the subject, the direct object or the indirect object.

onderwerp

A reference to the subject is not very frequent, only when it is absolutely necessary to specify to whom the command is directed: "Listen you!"

The Quenya endings are -t in the singular and -l in the plural:

a lindat! "sing you!" (singular)

a lindal! "sing you!" (plural)

With a primitive verb the connecting vowel is -i- as usual:

á tirë! "watch!"

á tirit!/á tiril! "watch you!"

These endings can also be used in the negative imperative:

áva tulë! "don't come!"

áva tulit!/áva tulil! "don't come you!"

lijdend voorwerp

To indicate the direct object we can use the nominative of the independant personal pronouns:

a laita te! "bless them!"

á tirë nye! "watch me!"

It is however preferred to add this nominative as ending to the particle á (in this situation we always use á never a):

átë laita! "bless them!"

ányë tirë! "watch me!"

Also with the negative imperative both forms are possible:

ávamë tirë! "don't watch us!"

áva tirë me! "don't watch us!"

But again the form where the ending -me is applied to áva is preferred.

meewerkend voorwerp

With an indirect object we obviously use the dative forms of the pronouns:

ámen linda! "sing for us!"

When a verb has both a direct and an indirect object, you have the choice which is applied to the particle á or áva and which is used a separate word:

ánin carë ta! "do it for me!"

áta carë nin! "do it for me!"

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