Wikibooks

Module:Graph

Module with helper functions for the Graph extension to display graphs and maps. From de:Modul:Graph.

Functions for templates

chart

Creates a JSON object for <graph> to display charts. In the article namespace the template {{GraphChart}} should be used instead. See its page for use cases.

Parameters:

colors
kleurenpalet van de grafiek, een lijst van kleuren door komma's gescheiden. De kleuren kunnen zijn: #rgb/#rrggbb/#aarrggbb of een Engelse CSS kleurennaam. Bij #aarrggbb geeft de aa het alpha channel aan, bijvoorbeeld FF=100% doorzichtig, 80=50% doorzichtig, etc.
hAnnotatonsLabel
toon horizontale annotatielabels bij annotatielijnen, bijvoorbeeld hAnnotatonsLabel = label1, label2, label3
hAnnotatonsLine
toon horizontale annotatielijnen bij specifieke waarden, bijvoorbeeld hAnnotatonsLine=4, 5, 6
height
hoogte van de grafiek in pixels, bij de meeste grafieken de hoogte van de Y-as
innerRadius
Alleen geldig voor een taartdiagram, de binnenste straal in pixels om een donut diagram te maken.
interpolate
Interpolatie methode voor lijn- en vlakdiagrammen. monotone is aanbevolen voor een monotone cubic interpolation. Op https://github.com/nyurik/vega/wiki/Marks#line staan de andere ondersteunde interpolatiemethoden.
legend
Toon legenda/legende. Dit werkt alleen bij meerdere datareeksen.
linewidth
Voor een lijndiagram: de dikte van de lijnen, een lijndikte van 0 resulteert in een spreidingsdiagram. Voor een taartdiagram: de ruimte tussen de taartpunten.
linewidths
Voor verschillende lijndiktes per datareeks. Een lijndikte van 0 in combinatie met "showSymbols" laat die lijn weg, toont slechts de punten, bijvoorbeeld linewidths=1, 0, 5, 0.2
showSymbols
voor lijngrafieken: toon een symbool op data punten. Een getal geeft de symboolgrootte aan in pixels, bijvoorbeeld showSymbols=3. showSymbols= geeft punten met een standaardgrootte van 2.5 pixel. Verschillende groottes zijn mogelijk per datareeks: showSymbols=1, 2, 3, 4
showValues
Voor een taartdiagram en een ongestapeld staafdiagram: Toon y waarden als tekst in de grafiek. De volgende parameters, gescheiden door komma's, definiëren hoe de tekst er uit ziet, bijvoorbeeld showValues = fontcolor:silver, fontsize:10, offset:10.
symbolsNoFill
symbolsNoFill = vul het symbool niet, tekent alleen de omtrek.
symbolsShape
de vorm van het symbool, mogelijke waarden: circle, x, square, cross, diamond, triangle_up, triangle_down, triangle_right, triangle_left. Elke data reeks kan een eigen symbool krijgen, gebruik door komma's gescheiden waarden, bijvoorbeeld: symbolsShape= circle, cross, square
symbolsStroke
Voor "x" symbol en "symbolsNoFill": de dikte van de lijn in pixels, standaard waarde is 2.5.
type
het soort diagram:
vAnnotatonsLabel
toon verticale annotatielabels bij annotatielijnen, bijvoorbeeld vAnnotatonsLabel = label1, label2, label3
vAnnotatonsLine
toon verticale annotatielijnen bij specifieke waardes, bijvoorbeeld vAnnotatonsLine=4, 5, 6
width
breedte van de grafiek in pixels, bij de meeste grafieken de lengte van de x-as


x
de x-waarden, gescheiden door komma's, x=a,b,c
xAxisAngle
draaiing van de x-as labels in graden, aanbevolen waarden: -45, +45, -90, +90
xAxisFormat
Formatteer de labels op de x-as.
Voor de formattering van numerieken zie https://github.com/d3/d3-3.x-api-reference/blob/master/Formatting.md#numbers, bijvoorbeeld
  • xAxisFormat=% voor percentages, -0.1=-10%, 0=0%, .25=25%, 1=100%, 1.5=150%. xAxisFormat=.1% geeft percentages met 1 cijfer achter de 'komma'.
  • xAxisFormat=03 alles 3 lang, met voorloopnullen
  • xAxisFormat=.2f 2 cijfers achter de 'komma'
  • xAxisFormat=d geheel getal
Noot: Het is nog niet mogelijk om getallen 'Europees' te formatteren als 583.231.475.923,00
Zie https://github.com/d3/d3-3.x-api-reference/blob/master/Time-Formatting.md voor datum/tijd.
xAxisMin, xAxisMax
voor lijn, spreidings en vlakdiagrammen: minimum en maximum waarden van de x-as. Met deze parameters kan x-as gespiegeld worden door min en max om te draaien. Zet de Max op de laagste waarde, de min op de hoogste.
xAxisTitle
Beschrijving van de variabele op de x-as
xGrid
toon verticale rasterlijnen voor x-as waarden.
xScaleType
het soort van schaal van de x-as.
xType
datatype van x-as waarden.


y
De y waarden van een enkele datareeks, gescheiden door komma's, bijvoorbeeld y=1,2,4,9
y1, y2, …
de y-waarden van meerdere datareeksen, bijvoorbeeld y1=1,2,4,9, y2=1,8,32,27. Bij een taartdiagram geeft y2 de straal van de taartpunten.
yAxisFormat
formatteer de labels op de y-as, de toegestane waarden zijn hetzelfde als bij xAxisFormat.
yAxisMin, and yAxisMax
voor lijn, spreidings en vlakdiagrammen: minimum en maximum waarden van de y-as. Met deze parameters kan y-as ondersteboven gezet worden door min en max om te draaien. Zet de Max op de laagste waarde, de min op de hoogste.
yAxisTitle
beschrijving van de variabele op de y-as
yGrid
toon horizontale rasterlijnen voor y-as waarden.
yScaleType
het soort van schaal op de y-as. Zie xScaleType voor mogelijke schalen.
yType
data type van y-as waarden,
y1Title, y2Title, …
beschrijving van de datareeksen in de legenda/legende.
formatjson
format JSON object for better legibility

Template wrappers

The functions mapWrapper and chartWrapper are wrappers to pass all parameters of the calling template to the respective map and chart functions.

Opmerking: In de voorvertoning bij het bewerken is de grafiek een canvas element, een Vectorafbeelding. Echter, na publiceren van de pagina wordt de grafiek een PNG bestand. {{#invoke:Graph|function_wrapper_name}} 


-- ATTENTION:	Please edit this code at https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modul:Graph
--          	This way all wiki languages can stay in sync. Thank you!
--
--	BUGS:	X-Axis label format bug? (xAxisFormat =) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Graph:Chart#X-Axis_label_format_bug?_(xAxisFormat_=)
--			linewidths - doesnt work for two values (eg 0, 1) but work if added third value of both are zeros? Same for marksStroke - probably bug in Graph extension
--			clamp - "clamp" used to avoid marks outside marks area, "clip" should be use instead but not working in Graph extension, see https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251709
--			Reordering even strings like integers - see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Graph:Chart#Reordering_even_strings_like_integers
--	TODO:  
--			marks:
--				- line strokeDash + serialization,
--				- symStroke serialization
--				- symbolsNoFill serialization
--				- arbitrary SVG path symbol shape as symbolsShape argument
--				- annotations
--					- vertical / horizontal line at specific values [DONE] 2020-09-01
--					- rectangle shape for x,y data range
--				- graph type serialization (deep rebuild reqired)
--	     - second axis (deep rebuild required - assignment of series to one of two axies) 

-- Version History (_PLEASE UPDATE when modifying anything_):
--   2020-09-01 Vertical and horizontal line annotations
--   2020-08-08 New logic for "nice" for x axis (problem with scale when xType = "date") and grid
--   2020-06-21 Serializes symbol size
--              transparent symbosls (from line colour) - buggy (incorrect opacity on overlap with line)
--              Linewidth serialized with "linewidths"
--              Variable symbol size and shape of symbols on line charts, default showSymbols = 2, default symbolsShape = circle, symbolsStroke = 0
--              p.chartDebuger(frame) for easy debug and JSON output 
--   2020-06-07 Allow lowercase variables for use with [[Template:Wikidata list]]
--   2020-05-27 Map: allow specification which feature to display and changing the map center

local p = {}

--add debug text to this string with eg. 	debuglog = debuglog .. "" .. "\n\n"  .. "- " .. debug.traceback() .. "result type: ".. type(result) ..  " result: \n\n" .. mw.dumpObject(result) 
--invoke chartDebuger() to get graph JSON and this string
debuglog = "Debug " .. "\n\n" 

local baseMapDirectory = "Module:Graph/"
local persistentGrey = "#54595d"

local shapes = {}
shapes = { 
	circle = "circle", x= "M-.5,-.5L.5,.5M.5,-.5L-.5,.5" , square = "square", 
	cross = "cross", diamond = "diamond", triangle_up = "triangle-up", 
	triangle_down = "triangle-down", triangle_right = "triangle-right", 
	triangle_left = "triangle-left", 
	banana = "m -0.5281,0.2880 0.0020,0.0192 m 0,0 c 0.1253,0.0543 0.2118,0.0679 0.3268,0.0252 0.1569,-0.0582 0.3663,-0.1636 0.4607,-0.3407 0.0824,-0.1547 0.1202,-0.2850 0.0838,-0.4794 l 0.0111,-0.1498 -0.0457,-0.0015 c -0.0024,0.3045 -0.1205,0.5674 -0.3357,0.7414 -0.1409,0.1139 -0.3227,0.1693 -0.5031,0.1856 m 0,0 c 0.1804,-0.0163 0.3622,-0.0717 0.5031,-0.1856 0.2152,-0.1739 0.3329,-0.4291 0.3357,-0.7414 l -0.0422,0.0079 c 0,0 -0.0099,0.1111 -0.0227,0.1644 -0.0537,0.1937 -0.1918,0.3355 -0.3349,0.4481 -0.1393,0.1089 -0.2717,0.2072 -0.4326,0.2806 l -0.0062,0.0260" 
	   	}


local function numericArray(csv)
	if not csv then return end
	local list = mw.text.split(csv, "%s*,%s*")
	local result = {}
	local isInteger = true
	for i = 1, #list do
		if list[i] == "" then
			result[i] = nil
		else
			result[i] = tonumber(list[i])
			if not result[i] then return end
			if isInteger then
				local int, frac = math.modf(result[i])
				isInteger = frac == 0.0
			end
		end
	end

    return result, isInteger
end

local function stringArray(text)
	if not text then return end

	local list = mw.text.split(mw.ustring.gsub(tostring(text), "\\,", "<COMMA>"), ",", true)
	for i = 1, #list do
		list[i] = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.text.trim(list[i]), "<COMMA>", ",")
	end
	return list
end

local function isTable(t) return type(t) == "table" end

local function copy(x)
	if type(x) == "table" then
		local result = {}
		for key, value in pairs(x) do result[key] = copy(value) end
		return result
	else
		return x
	end
end

function p.map(frame)
	-- map path data for geographic objects
	local basemap = frame.args.basemap or "WorldMap-iso2.json" -- WorldMap name and/or location may vary from wiki to wiki
	-- scaling factor
	local scale = tonumber(frame.args.scale) or 100
	-- map projection, see https://github.com/mbostock/d3/wiki/Geo-Projections
	local projection = frame.args.projection or "equirectangular"
	-- defaultValue for geographic objects without data
	local defaultValue = frame.args.defaultValue or frame.args.defaultvalue
	local scaleType = frame.args.scaleType or frame.args.scaletype or "linear"
	-- minimaler Wertebereich (nur für numerische Daten)
	local domainMin = tonumber(frame.args.domainMin or frame.args.domainmin)
	-- maximaler Wertebereich (nur für numerische Daten)
	local domainMax = tonumber(frame.args.domainMax or frame.args.domainmax)
	-- Farbwerte der Farbskala (nur für numerische Daten)
	local colorScale = frame.args.colorScale or frame.args.colorscale or "category10"
	-- show legend
	local legend = frame.args.legend
	-- the map feature to display
    local feature = frame.args.feature or "countries"
    -- map center
    local center = numericArray(frame.args.center)
	-- format JSON output
	local formatJson = frame.args.formatjson

	-- map data are key-value pairs: keys are non-lowercase strings (ideally ISO codes) which need to match the "id" values of the map path data
	local values = {}
	local isNumbers = nil
	for name, value in pairs(frame.args) do
		if mw.ustring.find(name, "^[^%l]+$") and value and value ~= "" then
			if isNumbers == nil then isNumbers = tonumber(value) end
			local data = { id = name, v = value }
			if isNumbers then data.v = tonumber(data.v) end
			table.insert(values, data)
		end
	end
	if not defaultValue then
		if isNumbers then defaultValue = 0 else defaultValue = "silver" end
	end

	-- create highlight scale
	local scales
	if isNumbers then
		if colorScale then colorScale = string.lower(colorScale) end
		if colorScale == "category10" or colorScale == "category20" then else colorScale = stringArray(colorScale) end
		scales =
		{
			{
				name = "color",
				type = scaleType,
				domain = { data = "highlights", field = "v" },
				range = colorScale,
				nice = true,
				zero = false
			}
		}
		if domainMin then scales[1].domainMin = domainMin end
		if domainMax then scales[1].domainMax = domainMax end

		local exponent = string.match(scaleType, "pow%s+(%d+%.?%d+)") -- check for exponent
		if exponent then
			scales[1].type = "pow"
			scales[1].exponent = exponent
		end
	end

	-- create legend
	if legend then
		legend =
		{
			{
				fill = "color",
				offset = 120,
				properties =
				{
					title = { fontSize = { value = 14 } },
					labels = { fontSize = { value = 12 } },
					legend =
					{
						stroke = { value = "silver" },
						strokeWidth = { value = 1.5 }
					}
				}
			}
		}
	end
 
	-- get map url
	local basemapUrl
	if (string.sub(basemap, 1, 10) == "wikiraw://") then
		basemapUrl = basemap
	else
		-- if not a (supported) url look for a colon as namespace separator. If none prepend default map directory name.
		if not string.find(basemap, ":") then basemap = baseMapDirectory .. basemap end
		basemapUrl = "wikiraw:///" .. mw.uri.encode(mw.title.new(basemap).prefixedText, "PATH")
	end

	local output =
	{
		version = 2,
		width = 1,  -- generic value as output size depends solely on map size and scaling factor
		height = 1, -- ditto
		data =
		{
			{
				-- data source for the highlights
				name = "highlights",
				values = values
			},
			{
				-- data source for map paths data
				name = feature,
				url = basemapUrl,
				format = { type = "topojson", feature = feature },
				transform =
				{
					{
						-- geographic transformation ("geopath") of map paths data
						type = "geopath",
						value = "data",			-- data source
						scale = scale,
                        translate = { 0, 0 },
                        center = center,
						projection = projection
					},
					{
						-- join ("zip") of mutiple data source: here map paths data and highlights
						type = "lookup",
						keys = { "id" },      -- key for map paths data
						on = "highlights",    -- name of highlight data source
						onKey = "id",         -- key for highlight data source
						as = { "zipped" },    -- name of resulting table
						default = { v = defaultValue } -- default value for geographic objects that could not be joined
					}
				}
			}
		},
		marks =
		{
			-- output markings (map paths and highlights)
			{
				type = "path",
				from = { data = feature },
				properties =
				{
					enter = { path = { field = "layout_path" } },
					update = { fill = { field = "zipped.v" } },
					hover = { fill = { value = "darkgrey" } }
				}
			}
		},
		legends = legend
	}
	if (scales) then
		output.scales = scales
		output.marks[1].properties.update.fill.scale = "color"
	end

	local flags
	if formatJson then flags = mw.text.JSON_PRETTY end
	return mw.text.jsonEncode(output, flags)
end

local function deserializeXData(serializedX, xType, xMin, xMax)
	local x

	if not xType or xType == "integer" or xType == "number" then
		local isInteger
		x, isInteger = numericArray(serializedX)
		if x then
			xMin = tonumber(xMin)
			xMax = tonumber(xMax)
			if not xType then
				if isInteger then xType = "integer" else xType = "number" end
			end
		else
			if xType then error("Numbers expected for parameter 'x'") end
		end
	end
	if not x then
		x = stringArray(serializedX)
		if not xType then xType = "string" end
	end
	return x, xType, xMin, xMax
end

local function deserializeYData(serializedYs, yType, yMin, yMax)
	local y = {}
	local areAllInteger = true

	for yNum, value in pairs(serializedYs) do
		local yValues
		if not yType or yType == "integer" or yType == "number" then
			local isInteger
			yValues, isInteger = numericArray(value)
			if yValues then
				areAllInteger = areAllInteger and isInteger
			else
				if yType then
					error("Numbers expected for parameter '" .. name .. "'")
				else
					return deserializeYData(serializedYs, "string", yMin, yMax)
				end
			end
		end
		if not yValues then yValues = stringArray(value) end

		y[yNum] = yValues
	end
	if not yType then
		if areAllInteger then yType = "integer" else yType = "number" end
	end
	if yType == "integer" or yType == "number" then
		yMin = tonumber(yMin)
		yMax = tonumber(yMax)
	end

	return y, yType, yMin, yMax
end

local function convertXYToManySeries(x, y, xType, yType, seriesTitles)
	local data =
	{
		name = "chart",
		format =
		{
			type = "json",
			parse = { x = xType, y = yType }
		},
		values = {}
	}
	for i = 1, #y do
		local yLen = table.maxn(y[i])
		for j = 1, #x do
			if j <= yLen and y[i][j] then table.insert(data.values, { series = seriesTitles[i], x = x[j], y = y[i][j] }) end
		end
	end
	return data
end

local function convertXYToSingleSeries(x, y, xType, yType, yNames)
	local data = { name = "chart", format = { type = "json", parse = { x = xType } }, values = {} }

	for j = 1, #y do data.format.parse[yNames[j]] = yType end

	for i = 1, #x do
		local item = { x = x[i] }
		for j = 1, #y do item[yNames[j]] = y[j][i] end

		table.insert(data.values, item)
	end
	return data
end

local function getXScale(chartType, stacked, xMin, xMax, xType, xScaleType)
	if chartType == "pie" then return end

	local xscale =
	{
		name = "x",
		range = "width",
		zero = false, -- do not include zero value
		domain = { data = "chart", field = "x" }
	}
	if xScaleType then xscale.type = xScaleType else xscale.type = "linear" end
	if xMin then xscale.domainMin = xMin end
	if xMax then xscale.domainMax = xMax end
	if xMin or xMax then
		xscale.clamp = true
		xscale.nice = false
	end
	if chartType == "rect" then
		xscale.type = "ordinal"
		if not stacked then xscale.padding = 0.2 end -- pad each bar group
	else 
		if xType == "date" then 
			xscale.type = "time"
		elseif xType == "string" then
			xscale.type = "ordinal"
			xscale.points = true
		end
	end
	if xType and xType ~= "date" and xScaleType ~= "log" then xscale.nice = true end -- force round numbers for x scale, but "log" and "date" scale outputs a wrong "nice" scale
	return xscale
end

local function getYScale(chartType, stacked, yMin, yMax, yType, yScaleType)
	if chartType == "pie" then return end

	local yscale =
	{
		name = "y",
		range = "height",
		-- area charts have the lower boundary of their filling at y=0 (see marks.properties.enter.y2), therefore these need to start at zero
		zero = chartType ~= "line",
		nice = yScaleType ~= "log" -- force round numbers for y scale, but log scale outputs a wrong "nice" scale
	}
	if yScaleType then yscale.type = yScaleType else yscale.type = "linear" end
	if yMin then yscale.domainMin = yMin end
	if yMax then yscale.domainMax = yMax end
	if yMin or yMax then yscale.clamp = true end
	if yType == "date" then yscale.type = "time"
	elseif yType == "string" then yscale.type = "ordinal" end
	if stacked then
		yscale.domain = { data = "stats", field = "sum_y" }
	else
		yscale.domain = { data = "chart", field = "y" }
	end

	return yscale
end

local function getColorScale(colors, chartType, xCount, yCount)
	if not colors then
		if (chartType == "pie" and xCount > 10) or yCount > 10 then colors = "category20" else colors = "category10" end
	end

	local colorScale =
	{
		name = "color",
		type = "ordinal",
		range = colors,
		domain = { data = "chart", field = "series" }
	}
	if chartType == "pie" then colorScale.domain.field = "x" end
	return colorScale
end

local function getAlphaColorScale(colors, y)
	local alphaScale
	-- if there is at least one color in the format "#aarrggbb", create a transparency (alpha) scale
	if isTable(colors) then
		local alphas = {}
		local hasAlpha = false
		for i = 1, #colors do
			local a, rgb = string.match(colors[i], "#(%x%x)(%x%x%x%x%x%x)")
			if a then
				hasAlpha = true
				alphas[i] = tostring(tonumber(a, 16) / 255.0)
				colors[i] = "#" .. rgb
			else
				alphas[i] = "1"
			end
		end
		for i = #colors + 1, #y do alphas[i] = "1" end
		if hasAlpha then alphaScale = { name = "transparency", type = "ordinal", range = alphas } end
	end
	return alphaScale
end

local function getLineScale(linewidths, chartType)
	local lineScale = {}
 
	lineScale =
    	{
        name = "line",
        type = "ordinal",
        range = linewidths,
        domain = { data = "chart", field = "series" }
    	}

	return lineScale
end

local function getSymSizeScale(symSize)
	local SymSizeScale = {}
	SymSizeScale =
       	{
        name = "symSize",
        type = "ordinal",
        range = symSize,
        domain = { data = "chart", field = "series" }
        }

	return SymSizeScale
end

local function getSymShapeScale(symShape)
	local SymShapeScale = {}
	SymShapeScale =
       	{
        name = "symShape",
        type = "ordinal",
        range = symShape,
        domain = { data = "chart", field = "series" }
        }

	return SymShapeScale
end

local function getValueScale(fieldName, min, max, type)
	local valueScale =
	{
		name = fieldName,
		type = type or "linear",
		domain = { data = "chart", field = fieldName },
		range = { min, max }
	}
	return valueScale
end

local function addInteractionToChartVisualisation(plotMarks, colorField, dataField)
	-- initial setup
	if not plotMarks.properties.enter then plotMarks.properties.enter = {} end
	plotMarks.properties.enter[colorField] = { scale = "color", field = dataField }

	-- action when cursor is over plot mark: highlight
	if not plotMarks.properties.hover then plotMarks.properties.hover = {} end
	plotMarks.properties.hover[colorField] = { value = "red" }

	-- action when cursor leaves plot mark: reset to initial setup
	if not plotMarks.properties.update then plotMarks.properties.update = {} end
	plotMarks.properties.update[colorField] = { scale = "color", field = dataField }
end

local function getPieChartVisualisation(yCount, innerRadius, outerRadius, linewidth, radiusScale)
	local chartvis =
	{
		type = "arc",
		from = { data = "chart", transform = { { field = "y", type = "pie" } } },

		properties =
		{
			enter = {
				innerRadius = { value = innerRadius },
				outerRadius = { },
				startAngle = { field = "layout_start" },
				endAngle = { field = "layout_end" },
				stroke = { value = "white" },
				strokeWidth = { value = linewidth or 1 }
			}
		}
	}

	if radiusScale then
		chartvis.properties.enter.outerRadius.scale = radiusScale.name
		chartvis.properties.enter.outerRadius.field = radiusScale.domain.field
	else
		chartvis.properties.enter.outerRadius.value = outerRadius
	end

	addInteractionToChartVisualisation(chartvis, "fill", "x")

	return chartvis
end

local function getChartVisualisation(chartType, stacked, colorField, yCount, innerRadius, outerRadius, linewidth, alphaScale, radiusScale, lineScale, interpolate)
	if chartType == "pie" then return getPieChartVisualisation(yCount, innerRadius, outerRadius, linewidth, radiusScale) end

	local chartvis =
	{
		type = chartType,
		properties =
		{
			-- chart creation event handler
			enter =
			{
				x = { scale = "x", field = "x" },
				y = { scale = "y", field = "y" }
			}
		}
	}
	addInteractionToChartVisualisation(chartvis, colorField, "series")
	if colorField == "stroke" then
		chartvis.properties.enter.strokeWidth = { value = linewidth or 2.5 }
		if type(lineScale) =="table"  then 
			chartvis.properties.enter.strokeWidth.value = nil
			chartvis.properties.enter.strokeWidth = 
			{
				scale = "line",
				field= "series"
			} 
		end
	end

	if interpolate then chartvis.properties.enter.interpolate = { value = interpolate } end

	if alphaScale then chartvis.properties.update[colorField .. "Opacity"] = { scale = "transparency" } end
	-- for bars and area charts set the lower bound of their areas
	if chartType == "rect" or chartType == "area" then
		if stacked then
			-- for stacked charts this lower bound is the end of the last stacking element
			chartvis.properties.enter.y2 = { scale = "y", field = "layout_end" }
		else
			--[[
			for non-stacking charts the lower bound is y=0
			TODO: "yscale.zero" is currently set to "true" for this case, but "false" for all other cases.
			For the similar behavior "y2" should actually be set to where y axis crosses the x axis,
			if there are only positive or negative values in the data ]]
			chartvis.properties.enter.y2 = { scale = "y", value = 0 }
		end
	end
	-- for bar charts ...
	if chartType == "rect" then
		-- set 1 pixel width between the bars
		chartvis.properties.enter.width = { scale = "x", band = true, offset = -1 }
		-- for multiple series the bar marking needs to use the "inner" series scale, whereas the "outer" x scale is used by the grouping
		if not stacked and yCount > 1 then
			chartvis.properties.enter.x.scale = "series"
			chartvis.properties.enter.x.field = "series"
			chartvis.properties.enter.width.scale = "series"
		end
	end
	-- stacked charts have their own (stacked) y values
	if stacked then chartvis.properties.enter.y.field = "layout_start" end

	-- if there are multiple series group these together
	if yCount == 1 then
		chartvis.from = { data = "chart" }
	else
		-- if there are multiple series, connect colors to series
		chartvis.properties.update[colorField].field = "series"
		if alphaScale then chartvis.properties.update[colorField .. "Opacity"].field = "series" end
		
	    -- if there are multiple series, connect linewidths to series
		if chartype == "line" then
			chartvis.properties.update["strokeWidth"].field = "series"
		end

		
		-- apply a grouping (facetting) transformation
		chartvis =
		{
			type = "group",
			marks = { chartvis },
			from =
			{
				data = "chart",
				transform =
				{
					{
						type = "facet",
						groupby = { "series" }
					}
				}
			}
		}
		-- for stacked charts apply a stacking transformation
		if stacked then
			table.insert(chartvis.from.transform, 1, { type = "stack", groupby = { "x" }, sortby = { "-_id" }, field = "y" } )
		else
			-- for bar charts the series are side-by-side grouped by x
			if chartType == "rect" then
				-- for bar charts with multiple series: each serie is grouped by the x value, therefore the series need their own scale within each x group
				local groupScale =
				{
					name = "series",
					type = "ordinal",
					range = "width",
					domain = { field = "series" }
				}

				chartvis.from.transform[1].groupby = "x"
				chartvis.scales = { groupScale }
				chartvis.properties = { enter = { x = { field = "key", scale = "x" }, width = { scale = "x", band = true } } }
			end
		end
	end

	return chartvis
end

local function getTextMarks(chartvis, chartType, outerRadius, scales, radiusScale, yType, showValues)
	local properties
	if chartType == "rect" then
		properties =
		{
			x = { scale = chartvis.properties.enter.x.scale, field = chartvis.properties.enter.x.field },
			y = { scale = chartvis.properties.enter.y.scale, field = chartvis.properties.enter.y.field, offset = -(tonumber(showValues.offset) or -4) },
			--dx = { scale = chartvis.properties.enter.x.scale, band = true, mult = 0.5 }, -- for horizontal text
			dy = { scale = chartvis.properties.enter.x.scale, band = true, mult = 0.5 }, -- for vertical text
			align = { },
			baseline = { value = "middle" },
			fill = { },
			angle = { value = -90 },
			fontSize = { value = tonumber(showValues.fontsize) or 11 }
		}
		if properties.y.offset >= 0 then
			properties.align.value = "right"
			properties.fill.value = showValues.fontcolor or "white"
		else
			properties.align.value = "left"
			properties.fill.value = showValues.fontcolor or persistentGrey
		end
	elseif chartType == "pie" then
		properties =
		{
			x = { group = "width", mult = 0.5 },
			y = { group = "height", mult = 0.5 },
			radius = { offset = tonumber(showValues.offset) or -4 },
			theta = { field = "layout_mid" },
			fill = { value = showValues.fontcolor or persistentGrey },
			baseline = { },
			angle = { },
			fontSize = { value = tonumber(showValues.fontsize) or math.ceil(outerRadius / 10) }
		}
		if (showValues.angle or "midangle") == "midangle" then
			properties.align = { value = "center" }
			properties.angle = { field = "layout_mid", mult = 180.0 / math.pi }

			if properties.radius.offset >= 0 then
				properties.baseline.value = "bottom"
			else
				if not showValues.fontcolor then properties.fill.value = "white" end
				properties.baseline.value = "top"
			end
		elseif tonumber(showValues.angle) then
			-- qunatize scale for aligning text left on right half-circle and right on left half-circle
			local alignScale = { name = "align", type = "quantize", domainMin = 0.0, domainMax = math.pi * 2, range = { "left", "right" } }
			table.insert(scales, alignScale)

			properties.align = { scale = alignScale.name, field = "layout_mid" }
			properties.angle = { value = tonumber(showValues.angle) }
			properties.baseline.value = "middle"
			if not tonumber(showValues.offset) then properties.radius.offset = 4 end
		end

		if radiusScale then
			properties.radius.scale = radiusScale.name
			properties.radius.field = radiusScale.domain.field
		else
			properties.radius.value = outerRadius
		end
	end

	if properties then
		if showValues.format then
			local template = "datum.y"
			if yType == "integer" or yType == "number" then template = template .. "|number:'" .. showValues.format .. "'"
			elseif yType == "date" then template = template .. "|time:" .. showValues.format .. "'"
			end
			properties.text = { template = "{{" .. template .. "}}" }
		else
			properties.text = { field = "y" }
		end

		local textmarks =
		{
			type = "text",
			properties =
			{
				enter = properties
			}
		}
		if chartvis.from then textmarks.from = copy(chartvis.from) end

		return textmarks
	end
end

local function getSymbolMarks(chartvis, symSize, symShape, symStroke, noFill, alphaScale)

	local symbolmarks 
	symbolmarks =
	{
		type = "symbol",
		properties =
		{
			enter = 
			{
				x = { scale = "x", field = "x" },
				y = { scale = "y", field = "y" },
				strokeWidth = { value = symStroke },
				stroke = { scale = "color", field = "series" },
				fill = { scale = "color", field = "series" },
			}
		}
	}
	if type(symShape) == "string" then 
		symbolmarks.properties.enter.shape = { value = symShape }
	end
	if type(symShape) == "table" then 
		symbolmarks.properties.enter.shape = { scale = "symShape", field = "series" }
	end
	if type(symSize) == "number" then 
		symbolmarks.properties.enter.size = { value = symSize }
	end
	if type(symSize) == "table" then 
		symbolmarks.properties.enter.size = { scale = "symSize", field = "series" }
	end
	if noFill then 
		symbolmarks.properties.enter.fill = nil
	end
	if alphaScale then 
		symbolmarks.properties.enter.fillOpacity = 
		{ scale = "transparency", field = "series" } 
		symbolmarks.properties.enter.strokeOpacity = 
		{ scale = "transparency", field = "series" } 
	end
	if chartvis.from then symbolmarks.from = copy(chartvis.from) end
    
	return symbolmarks
end

local function getAnnoMarks(chartvis, stroke, fill, opacity)

	local vannolines, hannolines, vannoLabels, vannoLabels 
	vannolines =
	{
		type = "rule",
		from = { data = "v_anno" },
		properties =
		{
			update = 
			{
				x = { scale = "x", field = "x" },
				y = { value = 0 },
				y2 = {  field = { group = "height" } },
				strokeWidth = { value = stroke },
				stroke = { value = persistentGrey },
				opacity = { value = opacity }
			}
		}
	}

	vannolabels =
	{
		type = "text",
		from = { data = "v_anno" },
		properties =
		{
			update = 
			{
				x = { scale = "x", field = "x", offset = 3 },
				y = {  field = { group = "height" }, offset = -3 },
				text = { field = "label" },
				baseline = { value = "top" },
		        angle = { value = -90 },
		        fill = { value = persistentGrey },
		        opacity = { value = opacity }
			}
		}
	}	

	hannolines =
	{
		type = "rule",
		from = { data = "h_anno" },
		properties =
		{
			update = 
			{
				y = { scale = "y", field = "y" },
				x = { value = 0 },
				x2 = {  field = { group = "width" } },
				strokeWidth = { value = stroke },
				stroke = { value = persistentGrey },
				opacity = { value = opacity }
			}
		}
	}

	hannolabels =
	{
		type = "text",
		from = { data = "h_anno" },
		properties =
		{
			update = 
			{
				y = { scale = "y", field = "y", offset = 3 },
				x = {  value = 0 , offset = 3 },
				text = { field = "label" },
				baseline = { value = "top" },
		        angle = { value = 0 },
		        fill = { value = persistentGrey },
		        opacity = { value = opacity }
			}
		}
	}

	return vannolines, vannolabels, hannolines, hannolabels
end

local function getAxes(xTitle, xAxisFormat, xAxisAngle, xType, xGrid, yTitle, yAxisFormat, yType, yGrid, chartType)
	local xAxis, yAxis
	if chartType ~= "pie" then
		if xType == "integer" and not xAxisFormat then xAxisFormat = "d" end
		xAxis =
		{
			type = "x",
			scale = "x",
			title = xTitle,
			format = xAxisFormat,
			grid = xGrid
		}
		if xAxisAngle then
			local xAxisAlign
			if xAxisAngle < 0 then xAxisAlign = "right" else xAxisAlign = "left" end
			xAxis.properties =
			{
				title =
				{
					fill = { value = persistentGrey }
				},
				labels =
				{
					angle = { value = xAxisAngle },
					align = { value = xAxisAlign },
					fill = { value = persistentGrey }
				},
				ticks =
				{
					stroke = { value = persistentGrey }
				},
				axis =
				{
					stroke = { value = persistentGrey },
					strokeWidth = { value = 2 }
				},
				grid =
				{
					stroke = { value = persistentGrey }
				}
			}
		else
			xAxis.properties =
			{
				title =
				{
					fill = { value = persistentGrey }
				},
				labels =
				{
					fill = { value = persistentGrey }
				},
				ticks =
				{
					stroke = { value = persistentGrey }
				},
				axis =
				{
					stroke = { value = persistentGrey },
					strokeWidth = { value = 2 }
				},
				grid =
				{
					stroke = { value = persistentGrey }
				}
			}
		end

		if yType == "integer" and not yAxisFormat then yAxisFormat = "d" end
		yAxis =
		{
			type = "y",
			scale = "y",
			title = yTitle,
			format = yAxisFormat,
			grid = yGrid
		}
		yAxis.properties =
		{
			title =
			{
				fill = { value = persistentGrey }
			},
			labels =
			{
				fill = { value = persistentGrey }
			},
			ticks =
			{
				stroke = { value = persistentGrey }
			},
			axis =
			{
				stroke = { value = persistentGrey },
				strokeWidth = { value = 2 }
			},
			grid =
			{
				stroke = { value = persistentGrey }
			}
		}
	
	end

	return xAxis, yAxis
end

local function getLegend(legendTitle, chartType, outerRadius)
	local legend =
	{
		fill = "color",
		stroke = "color",
		title = legendTitle,
	}
	legend.properties = {
		title = {
			fill = { value = persistentGrey },
		},
		labels = {
			fill = { value = persistentGrey },
		},
	}
	if chartType == "pie" then
		legend.properties = {
			-- move legend from center position to top
			legend = {
				y = { value = -outerRadius },
			},
			title = {
				fill = { value = persistentGrey }
			},
			labels = {
				fill = { value = persistentGrey },
			},
		}
	end
	return legend
end

function p.chart(frame)
	-- chart width and height
	local graphwidth = tonumber(frame.args.width) or 200
	local graphheight = tonumber(frame.args.height) or 200
	-- chart type
	local chartType = frame.args.type or "line"
	-- interpolation mode for line and area charts: linear, step-before, step-after, basis, basis-open, basis-closed (type=line only), bundle (type=line only), cardinal, cardinal-open, cardinal-closed (type=line only), monotone
	local interpolate = frame.args.interpolate
	-- mark colors (if no colors are given, the default 10 color palette is used)
	local colorString = frame.args.colors
	if colorString then colorString = string.lower(colorString) end
	local colors = stringArray(colorString)
	-- for line charts, the thickness of the line; for pie charts the gap between each slice
	local linewidth = tonumber(frame.args.linewidth)
	local linewidthsString = frame.args.linewidths
	local linewidths
	if linewidthsString and linewidthsString ~= "" then linewidths = numericArray(linewidthsString) or false end
	-- x and y axis caption
	local xTitle = frame.args.xAxisTitle  or frame.args.xaxistitle
	local yTitle = frame.args.yAxisTitle  or frame.args.yaxistitle
	-- x and y value types
	local xType = frame.args.xType or frame.args.xtype
	local yType = frame.args.yType or frame.args.ytype
	-- override x and y axis minimum and maximum
	local xMin = frame.args.xAxisMin or frame.args.xaxismin
	local xMax = frame.args.xAxisMax or frame.args.xaxismax
	local yMin = frame.args.yAxisMin or frame.args.yaxismin
	local yMax = frame.args.yAxisMax or frame.args.yaxismax
	-- override x and y axis label formatting
	local xAxisFormat = frame.args.xAxisFormat or frame.args.xaxisformat
	local yAxisFormat = frame.args.yAxisFormat or frame.args.yaxisformat
	local xAxisAngle = tonumber(frame.args.xAxisAngle) or tonumber(frame.args.xaxisangle)
	-- x and y scale types
	local xScaleType = frame.args.xScaleType or frame.args.xscaletype 
	local yScaleType = frame.args.yScaleType or frame.args.yscaletype  
-- log scale require minimum > 0, for now it's no possible to plot negative values on log - TODO see: https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/1792-log-scale-graphic-with-negative-value
--	if xScaleType == "log" then
--		if (not xMin or tonumber(xMin) <= 0) then xMin = 0.1 end
--		if not xType then xType = "number" end
--	end
--	if yScaleType == "log" then
--		if (not yMin or tonumber(yMin) <= 0) then yMin = 0.1 end
--		if not yType then yType = "number" end
--	end

	-- show grid
	local xGrid = frame.args.xGrid or frame.args.xgrid or false
	local yGrid = frame.args.yGrid or frame.args.ygrid or false
	-- for line chart, show a symbol at each data point
	local showSymbols = frame.args.showSymbols or frame.args.showsymbols
	local symbolsShape = frame.args.symbolsShape or frame.args.symbolsshape
	local symbolsNoFill = frame.args.symbolsNoFill or frame.args.symbolsnofill 
	local symbolsStroke = tonumber(frame.args.symbolsStroke or frame.args.symbolsstroke)
	-- show legend with given title
	local legendTitle = frame.args.legend
	-- show values as text
	local showValues = frame.args.showValues or frame.args.showvalues 
	-- show v- and h-line annotations
	local v_annoLineString = frame.args.vAnnotatonsLine or frame.args.vannotatonsline
	local h_annoLineString = frame.args.hAnnotatonsLine or frame.args.hannotatonsline
	local v_annoLabelString = frame.args.vAnnotatonsLabel or frame.args.vannotatonslabel
	local h_annoLabelString = frame.args.hAnnotatonsLabel or frame.args.hannotatonslabel





	-- decode annotations cvs
	local v_annoLine, v_annoLabel, h_annoLine, h_annoLabel
	if v_annoLineString and v_annoLineString ~= "" then

		if xType == "number" or xType == "integer" then 
		v_annoLine = numericArray(v_annoLineString)

		else 
			v_annoLine = stringArray(v_annoLineString)

		end
		v_annoLabel = stringArray(v_annoLabelString)
	end
	if h_annoLineString and h_annoLineString ~= "" then

		if yType == "number" or yType == "integer" then 
			h_annoLine = numericArray(h_annoLineString)

		else 
			h_annoLine = stringArray(h_annoLineString)

		end
		h_annoLabel = stringArray(h_annoLabelString)
	end





	-- pie chart radiuses
	local innerRadius = tonumber(frame.args.innerRadius) or tonumber(frame.args.innerradius) or 0
	local outerRadius = math.min(graphwidth, graphheight)
	-- format JSON output
	local formatJson = frame.args.formatjson

	-- get x values
	local x
	x, xType, xMin, xMax = deserializeXData(frame.args.x, xType, xMin, xMax)

	-- get y values (series)
	local yValues = {}
	local seriesTitles = {}
	for name, value in pairs(frame.args) do
		local yNum
		if name == "y" then yNum = 1 else yNum = tonumber(string.match(name, "^y(%d+)$")) end
		if yNum then
			yValues[yNum] = value
			-- name the series: default is "y<number>". Can be overwritten using the "y<number>Title" parameters.
			seriesTitles[yNum] = frame.args["y" .. yNum .. "Title"] or frame.args["y" .. yNum .. "title"] or name
		end
	end
	local y
	y, yType, yMin, yMax = deserializeYData(yValues, yType, yMin, yMax)

	-- create data tuples, consisting of series index, x value, y value
	local data
	if chartType == "pie" then
		-- for pie charts the second second series is merged into the first series as radius values
		data = convertXYToSingleSeries(x, y, xType, yType, { "y", "r" })
	else
		data = convertXYToManySeries(x, y, xType, yType, seriesTitles)
	end

	-- configure stacked charts
	local stacked = false
	local stats
	if string.sub(chartType, 1, 7) == "stacked" then
		chartType = string.sub(chartType, 8)
		if #y > 1 then -- ignore stacked charts if there is only one series
		stacked = true
		-- aggregate data by cumulative y values
		stats =
		{
			name = "stats", source = "chart", transform =
		{
			{
				type = "aggregate",
				groupby = { "x" },
				summarize = { y = "sum" }
			}
		}
		}
		end
	end
	
	-- add annotations to data
	local vannoData, hannoData
	
	if v_annoLine then
		vannoData = { name = "v_anno", format = { type = "json", parse = { x = xType } }, values = {} }
		for i = 1, #v_annoLine do
			local item = { x = v_annoLine[i], label = v_annoLabel[i] }
			table.insert(vannoData.values, item)
		end
	end	
	if h_annoLine then
		hannoData = { name = "h_anno", format = { type = "json", parse = { y = yType } }, values = {} }
		for i = 1, #h_annoLine do
			local item = { y = h_annoLine[i], label = h_annoLabel[i] }
			table.insert(hannoData.values, item)
		end
	end	


	-- create scales
	local scales = {}

	local xscale = getXScale(chartType, stacked, xMin, xMax, xType, xScaleType)
	table.insert(scales, xscale)
	local yscale = getYScale(chartType, stacked, yMin, yMax, yType, yScaleType)
	table.insert(scales, yscale)

	local colorScale = getColorScale(colors, chartType, #x, #y)
	table.insert(scales, colorScale)

	local alphaScale = getAlphaColorScale(colors, y)
	table.insert(scales, alphaScale)

	local lineScale
	if (linewidths) and (chartType == "line") then
		lineScale = getLineScale(linewidths, chartType)
		table.insert(scales, lineScale)
	end

	local radiusScale
	if chartType == "pie" and #y > 1 then
		radiusScale = getValueScale("r", 0, outerRadius)
		table.insert(scales, radiusScale)
	end

	-- decide if lines (strokes) or areas (fills) should be drawn
	local colorField
	if chartType == "line" then colorField = "stroke" else colorField = "fill" end



	-- create chart markings
	local chartvis = getChartVisualisation(chartType, stacked, colorField, #y, innerRadius, outerRadius, linewidth, alphaScale, radiusScale, lineScale, interpolate)
	local marks = { chartvis }
	
	-- text marks
	if showValues then
		if type(showValues) == "string" then -- deserialize as table
			local keyValues = mw.text.split(showValues, "%s*,%s*")
			showValues = {}
			for _, kv in ipairs(keyValues) do
				local key, value = mw.ustring.match(kv, "^%s*(.-)%s*:%s*(.-)%s*$")
				if key then showValues[key] = value end
			end
		end

		local chartmarks = chartvis
		if chartmarks.marks then chartmarks = chartmarks.marks[1] end
		local textmarks = getTextMarks(chartmarks, chartType, outerRadius, scales, radiusScale, yType, showValues)
		if chartmarks ~= chartvis then
			table.insert(chartvis.marks, textmarks)
		else
			table.insert(marks, textmarks)
		end
	end
	
    -- grids
    if xGrid then 
    	if xGrid == "0" then xGrid = false
    	elseif xGrid == 0 then xGrid = false 
    	elseif xGrid == "false" then xGrid = false 
    	elseif xGrid == "n" then xGrid = false 
    	else xGrid = true 
    	end
    end
    if yGrid then 
    	if yGrid == "0" then yGrid = false
    	elseif yGrid == 0 then yGrid = false 
    	elseif yGrid == "false" then yGrid = false 
    	elseif yGrid == "n" then yGrid = false 
    	else yGrid = true 
    	end
    end
    
	-- symbol marks
	if showSymbols and chartType ~= "rect" then
		local chartmarks = chartvis
		if chartmarks.marks then chartmarks = chartmarks.marks[1] end

		if type(showSymbols) == "string" then
			if showSymbols == "" then showSymbols = true
			else showSymbols = numericArray(showSymbols)
			end
		else
			showSymbols = tonumber(showSymbols)
		end

		-- custom size
		local symSize
		if type(showSymbols) == "number" then 
			symSize = tonumber(showSymbols*showSymbols*8.5)
	 	elseif type(showSymbols) == "table" then 
	 		symSize = {}
	 		for k, v in pairs(showSymbols) do
                symSize[k]=v*v*8.5 -- "size" acc to Vega syntax is area of symbol
            end
        else
	 		symSize = 50
	 	end
		-- symSizeScale 
	 	local symSizeScale = {}
		if type(symSize) == "table" then
			symSizeScale = getSymSizeScale(symSize)
			table.insert(scales, symSizeScale)
		end
 	

    	-- custom shape
    	if  stringArray(symbolsShape) and #stringArray(symbolsShape) > 1 then symbolsShape = stringArray(symbolsShape) end
    	
    	local symShape = " "
		
		if type(symbolsShape) == "string" and shapes[symbolsShape] then
			symShape = shapes[symbolsShape]
	 	elseif type(symbolsShape) == "table" then 
	 		symShape = {}
	 		for k, v in pairs(symbolsShape) do
                if symbolsShape[k] and shapes[symbolsShape[k]] then 
                	symShape[k]=shapes[symbolsShape[k]]
                else
                	symShape[k] = "circle"
                end
            end
       	else
			symShape = "circle"
		end
		-- symShapeScale 
	 	local symShapeScale = {}
		if type(symShape) == "table" then
			symShapeScale = getSymShapeScale(symShape)
			table.insert(scales, symShapeScale)
		end 
 
		-- custom stroke
		local symStroke
		if (type(symbolsStroke) == "number") then 
			symStroke = tonumber(symbolsStroke)
-- TODO symStroke serialization
--		elseif type(symbolsStroke) == "table" then 
--	 		symStroke = {}
--	 		for k, v in pairs(symbolsStroke) do
--                symStroke[k]=symbolsStroke[k]
--                		--always draw x with stroke
--				if symbolsShape[k] == "x" then symStroke[k] = 2.5 end
				--always draw x with stroke
--				if symbolsNoFill[k] then symStroke[k] = 2.5 end
--            end
		else 
			symStroke = 0
		--always draw x with stroke
			if symbolsShape == "x" then symStroke = 2.5 end
		--always draw x with stroke
			if symbolsNoFill then symStroke = 2.5 end
	 	end 		


--	TODO	-- symStrokeScale 
--	 	local symStrokeScale = {}
--		if type(symStroke) == "table" then
--			symStrokeScale = getSymStrokeScale(symStroke)
--			table.insert(scales, symStrokeScale)
--		end


		
		local symbolmarks = getSymbolMarks(chartmarks, symSize, symShape, symStroke, symbolsNoFill, alphaScale)
		if chartmarks ~= chartvis then
			table.insert(chartvis.marks, symbolmarks)
		else
			table.insert(marks, symbolmarks)
		end
	end

	local vannolines, vannolabels, hannolines, hannolabels = getAnnoMarks(chartmarks, persistentGrey, persistentGrey, 0.75)
	if vannoData then 
		table.insert(marks, vannolines)
		table.insert(marks, vannolabels)
	end
	if hannoData then
		table.insert(marks, hannolines)
		table.insert(marks, hannolabels)
	end
	
		

	-- axes
	local xAxis, yAxis = getAxes(xTitle, xAxisFormat, xAxisAngle, xType, xGrid, yTitle, yAxisFormat, yType, yGrid, chartType)
	
	-- legend
	local legend
	if legendTitle and tonumber(legendTitle) ~= 0 then legend = getLegend(legendTitle, chartType, outerRadius) end
	-- construct final output object
	local output =
	{
		version = 2,
		width = graphwidth,
		height = graphheight,
		data = { data },
		scales = scales,
		axes = { xAxis, yAxis },
		marks = marks,
		legends = { legend }
	}
	if vannoData then table.insert(output.data, vannoData) end
	if hannoData then table.insert(output.data, hannoData) end
	if stats then table.insert(output.data, stats) end
	
	local flags
	if formatJson then flags = mw.text.JSON_PRETTY end
	return mw.text.jsonEncode(output, flags)
end

function p.mapWrapper(frame)
	return p.map(frame:getParent())
end

function p.chartWrapper(frame)
	return p.chart(frame:getParent())
end

function p.chartDebuger(frame)
	return   "\n\nchart JSON\n ".. p.chart(frame) .. " \n\n" .. debuglog 
end


-- Given an HTML-encoded title as first argument, e.g. one produced with {{ARTICLEPAGENAME}},
-- convert it into a properly URL path-encoded string
-- This function is critical for any graph that uses path-based APIs, e.g. PageViews graph
function p.encodeTitleForPath(frame)
	return mw.uri.encode(mw.text.decode(mw.text.trim(frame.args[1])), 'PATH')
end

return p
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